A high-speed space probe is launched from Earth with a velocity of 0.8$c$ relative to Earth. The probe is designed to communicate with a base station on Mars. Due to the vast distances, the communication signals take a significant amount of time to travel between the probe and Mars. Which of the following statements correctly describes a consequence of special relativity that engineers must consider when designing the communication system?
The frequency of the signals received on Mars will be lower than the frequency transmitted by the probe due to time dilation affecting the probe’s internal clock, leading to a red shift.
The length of the antenna on the probe will appear shorter to the engineers on Mars, thus requiring a higher power output from the probe to ensure the signal reaches Mars.
The signals will travel faster than $c$ relative to Mars due to the probe’s velocity, requiring adjustments to the timing protocols.
The mass of the probe will increase as observed from Mars, requiring the communication system to compensate for increased gravitational effects on the signal.
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Create Free Account Log inThis is a free VCE Units 3 & 4 Physics practice question worth 1 mark, testing your understanding of Special relativity examples. It falls under How has understanding about the physical world changed? in Unit 4: How have creative ideas and investigation revolutionised thinking in physics?. Submit your answer above to receive instant AI-powered marking and personalised feedback.
A complex interplay exists between theory and experiment in generating models to explain natural phenomena. Ideas that attempt to explain how the Universe works have changed over time, with some experiments and ways of thinking having had significant impact on the understanding of the nature of light, matter and energy. Wave theory, classically used to explain light, has proved limited as quantum physics is utilised to explain particle-like properties of light revealed by experiments. Light and matter, which initially seem to be quite different, on very small scales have been observed as having similar properties. At speeds approaching the speed of light, matter is observed differently from different frames of reference. Matter and energy, once quite distinct, become almost synonymous. In this unit, students explore some monumental changes in thinking in Physics that have changed the course of how physicists understand and investigate the Universe. They examine the limitations of the wave model in describing light behaviour and use a particle model to better explain some observations of light. Matter, that was once explained using a particle model, is re-imagined using a wave model. Students are challenged to think beyond how they experience the physical world of their everyday lives to thinking from a new perspective, as they imagine the relativistic world of length contraction and time dilation when motion approaches the speed of light. They are invited to wonder about how Einstein’s revolutionary thinking allowed the development of modern-day devices such as the GPS. A student-designed practical investigation involving the generation of primary data and including one continuous, independent variable related to fields, motion or light is undertaken either in Unit 3 or Unit 4, or across both Units 3 and 4, and is assessed in Unit 4, Outcome 2. The design, analysis and findings of the investigation are presented in a scientific poster format.
In this area of study, students learn how understanding of light, matter and motion have changed over time. They explore how major experiments led to the development of theories to describe these fundamental aspects of the physical world. Students consider the limitations of classical mechanics as they explore Einstein’s view of the Universe. They use special relativity to explore length contraction and time dilation as observations are made by observers in different frames of reference, and the interrelationship between matter and energy.
Explain and analyse examples of special relativity including that: • muons can reach Earth even though their half-lives would suggest that they should decay in the upper atmosphere • particle accelerator lengths must be designed to take the effects of special relativity into account • time signals from GPS satellites must be corrected for the effects of special relativity due to their orbital velocity.
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