Researchers are studying a newly discovered species of extremophile bacteria found in a highly radioactive environment. Initial genetic analysis reveals that while the bacteria use a universal triplet code, they exhibit an unusually high frequency of mutations in their mRNA sequences. Further investigation reveals that these mutations often result in synonymous codon changes (i.e., changes that do not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein).
b. Discuss how a high frequency of synonymous mutations in mRNA could still potentially impact the bacteria’s phenotype, despite not altering the amino acid sequence of proteins. Consider the steps of gene expression in your answer.
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Create Free Account Log inThis is a free VCE Units 3 & 4 Biology practice question worth 4 marks, testing your understanding of Universal triplet code steps. It falls under What is the role of nucleic acids and proteins in maintaining life? in Unit 3: How do cells maintain life?. Submit your answer above to receive instant AI-powered marking and personalised feedback.
In this unit students investigate the workings of the cell from several perspectives. They explore the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins as key molecules in cellular processes. Students analyse the structure and function of nucleic acids as information molecules, gene structure and expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and proteins as a diverse group of functional molecules. They examine the biological consequences of manipulating the DNA molecule and applying biotechnologies. Students explore the structure, regulation and rate of biochemical pathways, with reference to photosynthesis and cellular respiration. They explore how the application of biotechnologies to biochemical pathways could lead to improvements in agricultural practices. Students apply their knowledge of cellular processes through investigation of a selected case study, data analysis and/or a bioethical issue. Examples of investigation topics include, but are not limited to: discovery and development of the model of the structure of DNA; proteomic research applications; transgenic organism use in agriculture; use, research and regulation of gene technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9; outcomes and unexpected consequences of the use of enzyme inhibitors such as pesticides and drugs; research into increasing efficiency of photosynthesis or cellular respiration or impact of poisons on the cellular respiration pathway. A student-designed scientific investigation related to cellular processes and/or responses to challenges over time is undertaken in either Unit 3 or Unit 4, or across both Units 3 and 4, and is assessed in Unit 4, Outcome 3. The design, analysis and findings of the investigation are presented in a scientific poster format as outlined in the study design.
In this area of study students explore the expression of the information encoded in a sequence of DNA to form a protein and outline the nature of the genetic code and the proteome. They apply their knowledge to the structure and function of the DNA molecule to examine how molecular tools and techniques can be used to manipulate the molecule for a particular purpose. Students compare gene technologies used to address human and agricultural issues and consider the ethical implications of their use.
the genetic code as a universal triplet code that is degenerate and the steps in gene expression, including transcription, RNA processing in eukaryotic cells and translation by ribosomes
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